
How the Wash-Sale Rule Actually Works, and What Counts as Substantially Identical
A mistimed repurchase can quietly erase a tax loss an investor was counting on. Here is how the IRS defines the window, and where the disallowed loss actually…
Investing covers the working method for a private portfolio: how much to contribute and how often, which account types reduce tax, what fees cost over decades, and why holding period changes the odds. Written for individuals managing money without professional support, using worked examples throughout every piece.
Contribution schedules, holding periods, account types and fee drag explained with worked figures, so a portfolio rests on arithmetic not instinct.

A mistimed repurchase can quietly erase a tax loss an investor was counting on. Here is how the IRS defines the window, and where the disallowed loss actually…

The last decade of a forty-year index holding produces more growth than the first three combined — the arithmetic that makes patience a strategy.

The more often investors look, the more loss they feel — behavioral research ties frequent checking to worse decisions, and the fix is a calendar.

Broad index funds fell 34% in 2020 and 49% in 2008-2009 and recovered both times — the mechanism is mechanical, and surviving it is behavioral.

Roughly a third of the broad market's long-run total return has come from dividends — but only for investors who reinvested them, and only visibly over decades.